M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>
- 1<\/span> Bug l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a>
- 1.1<\/span> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i bug\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- 2<\/span> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bug c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a>
- 2.1<\/span> 1. Bug t\u00ed hon<\/a><\/li>
- 2.2<\/span> 2. Compile-time bug<\/a><\/li>
- 2.3<\/span> 3. runtime bug<\/a><\/li>
- 2.4<\/span> 4. Logical bug<\/a><\/li>
- 2.5<\/span> 5. Syntax Bug<\/a><\/li>
- 2.6<\/span> C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda bug<\/a><\/li>
- 2.7<\/span> 1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Automated Testing)<\/a><\/li>
- 2.8<\/span> 2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch T\u0129nh (Static Analysis)<\/a><\/li>
- 2.9<\/span> 3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n (Library) v\u00e0 Frameworks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- 3<\/span> K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n
Bug l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
\n<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n![\"S\u1eeda](\"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Tong-hop-cac-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-giao-dien-app-mobile-chuyen-nghiephut-nguoi-dung.-10.png\")
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1ed7i bug trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t, l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo mong \u0111\u1ee3i, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
Bug c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, cho \u0111\u1ebfn testing v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bug c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ed7i logic, l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, l\u1ed7i trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i bug c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y ra crash ho\u1eb7c treo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin sai, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, cho ph\u00e9p hacker t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i bug\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng giao h\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh l\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bug c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
L\u00e0 1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i bug. Hi\u1ec3u 1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bug \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t s\u1ea1n \u1edf trong code. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng appmobile.vn t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i bug c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi code nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n
1. Bug t\u00ed hon<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
Bug t\u00ed hon, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c nguy hi\u1ec3m, bug t\u00ed hon v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c bug t\u00ed hon th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 trong th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 bug t\u00ed hon.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf, bug t\u00ed hon v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c bug t\u00ed hon gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.’<\/p>\n
2. Compile-time bug<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"Compile-time](\"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Tong-hop-cac-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-giao-dien-app-mobile-chuyen-nghiephut-nguoi-dung.-46.jpg\")
Compile-time Bug l\u1ed7i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n M\u1ed9t “compile-time bug” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i bug x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch (compile) m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 trung gian. Bug n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y. C\u00e1c compile-time bug th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p (syntax) ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p (semantic) c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebfu d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y, khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 compile-time bug bao g\u1ed3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Vi\u1ebft “whiile” thay v\u00ec “while” trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn: Khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f9ng t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Khai b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn hai l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng t\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: G\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i (string) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean (integer).<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: G\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c import trong Python.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c compile-time bug th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, v\u00ec th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n
3. runtime bug<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"l\u1ed7i](\"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Tong-hop-cac-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-giao-dien-app-mobile-chuyen-nghiephut-nguoi-dung.-47.jpg\")
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1ed7i bug runtime<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n M\u1ed9t “runtime bug” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i bug x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y. Runtime bug th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c runtime bug th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i logic ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 runtime bug bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7: Truy c\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con tr\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai logic trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed sai trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 true ho\u1eb7c false.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch: X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo logic mong \u0111\u1ee3i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Sai ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: G\u1ecdi h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c runtime bug th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi compile-time bug, v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, runtime bug \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i (debugging), ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
4. Logical bug<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"Minh](\"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Tong-hop-cac-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-giao-dien-app-mobile-chuyen-nghiephut-nguoi-dung.-48-2.jpg\")
Minh h\u1ecda l\u1ed7i logicalbug<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n Logical bug, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i logic, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t logic kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
Logical bug c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u sai logic c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 logical bug bao g\u1ed3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
Logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sai: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh if-else ho\u1eb7c switch-case, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh sai, nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “!=” thay v\u00ec “==” trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh if.<\/p>\n
X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo logic mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Sai ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p: \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebfu c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n sai: C\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
Logical bug c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c logical bug, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 logic c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi logic mong mu\u1ed1n. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i (debugging) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda<\/p>\n
5. Syntax Bug<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"L\u1ed7i](\"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Tong-hop-cac-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-giao-dien-app-mobile-chuyen-nghiephut-nguoi-dung.-49.jpg\")
L\u1ed7i Syntax Bug trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n L\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p (Syntax Bug), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra khi vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra do vi\u1ec7c g\u00f5 sai ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t sai d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, khi tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Thi\u1ebfu d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y: Qu\u00ean th\u00eam d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng m\u00e3.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: int x = 10 thay v\u00ec int x = 10;<\/p>\n
D\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp: Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00fang ngo\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: if (x > 5 { … } thay v\u00ec if (x > 5) { … }<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ebft sai t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn\/h\u00e0m: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 cho t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn\/h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: whiel (x < 10) { … } thay v\u00ec while (x < 10) { … }<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed sai: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai to\u00e1n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p to\u00e1n t\u1eed theo c\u00e1ch vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: if (x = 10) { … } thay v\u00ec if (x == 10) { … }<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda bug<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"C\u00e1c](\"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Tong-hop-cac-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-giao-dien-app-mobile-chuyen-nghiephut-nguoi-dung.-50.jpg\")
C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf l\u1ed7i bug<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i trong m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n
1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Automated Testing)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, logic ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n
2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch T\u0129nh (Static Analysis)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, sai s\u00f3t trong logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n
3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n (Library) v\u00e0 Frameworks<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 frameworks \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 frameworks n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bug l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bug ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i bug. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i bug l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4430"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4430"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4430\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4439,"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4430\/revisions\/4439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/appmobile.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- 2.2<\/span> 2. Compile-time bug<\/a><\/li>
- 2<\/span> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bug c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a>
- 1.1<\/span> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i bug\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>